{"id":1220,"date":"2021-11-02T20:02:42","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T20:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/?page_id=1220"},"modified":"2023-11-14T12:27:32","modified_gmt":"2023-11-14T12:27:32","slug":"iskoc-viskileri","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/?page_id=1220","title":{"rendered":"\u0130sko\u00e7 Viskileri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\r\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130sko\u00e7 Viskileri Tarihi<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130sko\u00e7 Viskileri; her ne kadar ya\u015fam suyu, uisge beatha, aqua vitae olarak bilinse de ya\u015fam suyunun ilk \u00f6rnekelerinin k\u00f6keni S\u00fcmerlilere kadar dayanmaktad\u0131r.M.\u00d6 3500 y\u0131l\u0131nda kalma bir dam\u0131t\u0131m ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 bile halen mevcuttur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ama\u00e7; o y\u0131llarda keyif vereni bir i\u00e7ecek bulmak de\u011fildir, \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fcl\u00fck \u0130ksiri, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisini bulmakt\u0131r.Denemelerin ve dam\u0131t\u0131m sisteminin sanata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llar bizi 7. yy a, yer olarak da Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131’na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"\r\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Jabir Ibn Hayyan<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Alembik imbi\u011fin mucidi olan Jabi Ibn Hayyan, Al-Razi sayesinde dam\u0131t\u0131m sisteminin detayl\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftur.Ibn Hayyan, kimyan\u0131n babas\u0131 ve ilk kimya laboratuar\u0131n\u0131 kuran ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.Her ne kadar araplar\u0131 \u015farab\u0131 dam\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de ; araplar \u015farab\u0131 dam\u0131tmay\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131.Bununla ilgili bir \u00e7ok kay\u0131tta bulunmaktad\u0131r.Ibn Hayyan’\u0131n ismi Latincede Geber olarak bilinmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"\r\n
Al-Razi<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Al-Razi ise; alkol ve imbik kelimelerinin mucidi olmak ile beraber ve Ibn Hayyan’dan sonra gelen en \u00f6nemli dam\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130spanyol Seyyah Arnaldus De Villa Nova taraf\u0131ndan da Arap\u00e7adan Latinceye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.Bu dam\u0131t\u0131m tekni\u011fi ilk olarak \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131’na ve Sicilya’ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n t\u0131p, felsefe ve ilim merkezi olan Salerno T\u0131p Okulu’nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"\r\n
Arnaldus De Villa Nova<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Villa De Nova, Avrupa’da \u015farab\u0131 dam\u0131tan yani brendi yi bulan ilk ki\u015fidir.Ayr\u0131ca kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ok sert geldi\u011fini belirterek i\u00e7erisinde bitki ve baharatlar eklemektedir.Bu \u015fekilde ilk lik\u00f6r\u00fcnde mucididir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bir \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 teori olsa da dam\u0131t\u0131m tekni\u011fi Avrupa’dan \u00f6nce \u0130rlanda’ya gelmi\u015ftir. Oradan da Ulster Prensesi’nin Islay Lorduyla evlenmesi vesilesiyle \u0130sko\u00e7ya’ya gelir.\u0130sko\u00e7ya’ da yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 y\u0131l kadar aristokrat i\u00e7kisi olarak kal\u0131r sebebi muhteviyat\u0131nda safran kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.Safran, sadece zenginlerin alabildi\u011fi bir baharatt\u0131 ve belirli bir s\u0131n\u0131fa hitap ediyordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Viski literat\u00fcr\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yan\u0131lsamadan s\u00f6z edecek olursak; Aqua Vitae yani ya\u015fam suyunun ilk defa bahsi ge\u00e7ti\u011finin kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n 1494 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ke\u015fi\u015f John Corr taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan maliye defterinde oldu\u011fudur.Asl\u0131nda;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"\r\n
Clonmacnoise Harabeleri<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Aqua Vitae kelimesinin ilk defa kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> \u0130rlanda ve bir\u00e7ok \u0130sko\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ;aqua vitae kelimesinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ilk yer ve kay\u0131t, 1405<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda Clonmacnoise Harabeleri \u2019<\/strong>nde yer almaktad\u0131r. Harabelerde bulunan ve \u0130rlanda Galcesi\u2019nden \u0130ngilizceye \u00e7evirisi yap\u0131lan bu kay\u0131tta; Clonmacnoise\u00a0 Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019nda, Moyntyreolas<\/strong> Klan \u015eefi Richard Magranell<\/strong> \u2018in Noel\u2019de fazla Aqua Vitae almaktan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc<\/u><\/strong> anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00d6te yandan Aqua Vitae kelimesine at\u0131fta bulunularak onunla dam\u0131t\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmesine dair ve \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da viski \u00fcretiminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ait olan en eski kay\u0131t<\/strong> ise 1494 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130sko\u00e7 Kral\u0131 IV. James\u2019 in bir cenaze t\u00f6reni i\u00e7in Lindores Manast\u0131r\u0131 Ke\u015fi\u015fi John Corr \u2018 a 8 boll malt vermesi ve bununla aqua vitae yapmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmesi<\/strong> ve bu i\u015flemin hazine defterlerine kaydedilmesidir. ( Rotuli scaccarii regum scotorum\u00a0<\/em>Vol X, sayfa:\u00a0487).\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"\r\n
Ke\u015fi\u015f John Corr<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hazine defterine kaydedilen yaz\u0131n\u0131n orjinali \u015fu \u015fekildedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u2018\u2019Eight bolls of malt to Friar John Cor wherewith to make aqua vitae<\/u><\/em>\u2019\u2019<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yaz\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en Boll eski bir \u0130sko\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimidir.8 Boll birim ile yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 1.500 \u015fi\u015fe civar\u0131nda alkol \u00fcretilebiliyordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu maliye defterinde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en kay\u0131t Lindores Manast\u0131r\u0131’ nda bulunamaktad\u0131r, bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras k\u00fcllerinden do\u011fmu\u015ftur.Tam da manast\u0131r kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde Lindores Abbey Dam\u0131t\u0131m Evi y\u00fckselir…<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"\r\n
Lindores Abbey Dam\u0131t\u0131m Evi<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Britanya’da \u00fcz\u00fcm yeti\u015fmiyordu dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015farap da \u00fcretilmiyordu, ya\u015fam suyu i\u00e7in \u015farap ve ithal baharatlar\u0131n ithali \u00e7ok maliyetli oluyordu.O sebeple, \u00fcreticiler bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tah\u0131l ile \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.Bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisindeki baharatlar bulunmaya devam etti, daha sonra g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki baharats\u0131z hali ald\u0131.Yine de \u0130sko\u00e7 Viskisi evrim ge\u00e7irmeye devam etti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"\r\n
Kral 8. Henry<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130ngliz Kral\u0131 8. Henry’nin bir a\u015fk ka\u00e7ama\u011f\u0131 olan Anne Boleyn’e olan tutkusu \u0130ngiltere’nin Katolik inanc\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na sebep olurken; bu dinsel ayr\u0131l\u0131k viski \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yaratt\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere, Galler ve \u0130rlanda’dan Katolik \u0130sko\u00e7ya’ya do\u011fru bir g\u00f6\u00e7 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130sko\u00e7 Viskileri ilerleyen y\u0131llarda viski b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler halinde \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015flar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fe g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha karl\u0131d\u0131r ve daha az yer kaplar.Viski uluslararas\u0131 bir ticari meta halini al\u0131r. Bir \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc viski markas\u0131n\u0131n kurucular\u0131 asl\u0131nda olan bakkal ve \u015farap t\u00fcccar\u0131 olan iyi birer harmanc\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1707 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Birle\u015fme Yasas\u0131yla beraber parlemento o y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok bask\u0131c\u0131 bir tutum tak\u0131n\u0131r ve t\u00fcm dam\u0131t\u0131m evlerinin yasal olmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. 1725 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Malt Vergisiyle beraber; dam\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar \u00fczerinde a\u011f\u0131r vergi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc beraberinde getirir. 1822 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 Dam\u0131t\u0131m Yasas\u0131yla cezalar doru\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1823 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan \u00d6zel T\u00fcketim Versinin ard\u0131nda 1824 y\u0131l\u0131nda dam\u0131t\u0131m evleri say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir.Bu durum isyanlara, ay parlat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumuna, harman viskilerin do\u011fumuna buna protest bir tutum tak\u0131nan \u0130rlandal\u0131lar\u0131n viskiyi ”whiskey ” olarak yazmas\u0131na kadar devam edecektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Harman viskilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc Aenas Coffey taraf\u0131ndan bulunan kolon imbik a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art\u0131k toplu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aplarda alkol \u00fcretilebilecek,alkol oran\u0131 gerekli plakalar mevcut oldu\u011funda %96 abv lere kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilecek ve imbik temizlenme periyoduna kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; kolon imbikler, bak\u0131r imbiklere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha avantajl\u0131 oldu\u011fu da farkedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1853 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kan bilinen ilk \u0130sko\u00e7 Harman Viskisi olan Usher’s Old Vatted Glenlivet ekspresyonu asl\u0131nda bir malt harman\u0131 ekspresyonudur. \u0130\u00e7erisinde tah\u0131l viskisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda tah\u0131l viskinin de re\u00e7eteye eklenmesine izin veren yasan\u0131n kabull\u00fcyle t\u00fcm viski end\u00fcstrisi el de\u011fi\u015ftirir.Harman viskilerden \u00f6nce \u0130sko\u00e7ya’da \u0130sko\u00e7 Viskisinden fazla olarak \u0130rlanda Viskisi t\u00fcketilirdi.Bu d\u00fczen \u00e7ok da uzun s\u00fcrmeyecektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1800 lerin son \u00e7eyre\u011finde Phylloxera Vastetrix<\/strong> salg\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Avrupa\u2019daki \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131 harap olmu\u015ftur. Bu da brendi ve konyak arz\u0131na etki etmi\u015ftir,bu bo\u015flu\u011fu gen\u00e7 parlayan y\u0131ld\u0131z \u0130sko\u00e7 Viskisi dolduracakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Birinci ve \u0130kinici D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131, Amerika \u0130\u00e7ki Yasa\u011f\u0131 Y\u0131llar\u0131 \u0130sko\u00e7 Viskileri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131m olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1945<\/strong>\u2019lerden sonra ba\u015flayan ak\u0131m ile arpan\u0131n turba kullan\u0131larak kurutulmas\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131nda azalma g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, o y\u0131llara takiben 1950<\/strong> \u2018 lerde bir \u00e7ok dam\u0131t\u0131m evi;\u00a0 arpalar\u0131n\u0131 yumu\u015fak seviye turba ile kurutma sistemine ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Hatta birka\u00e7 dam\u0131t\u0131m evi turba ile kurutulmam\u0131\u015f arpa kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1952<\/u><\/strong>\u2019y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yasayla \u0130sko\u00e7 Viskisi denilebilmesi i\u00e7in, viskinin \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da \u00fcretilmesi \u015fart\u0131 getirildi. Bu yasadan \u00f6nce \u0130rlanda ve \u0130sko\u00e7 viskileri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p \u0130sko\u00e7 Viskisi diye sat\u0131labiliyordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019daViski \u00fcretiminin 500.<\/strong> Y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk defa \u0130sko\u00e7 Viski ihracat\u0131 2 milyon pound seviyesini a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2009 Y\u0131l\u0131 \u0130sko\u00e7 Viski D\u00fczenlemesi[1]<\/strong><\/a> : <\/strong>\u0130sko\u00e7 Viskisinin nas\u0131l \u00fcretilece\u011fi, etiketlenece\u011fi, paketlenece\u011fi ve reklam\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na kadar bir \u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Speyside B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin resmi olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 yine 2009 <\/strong>y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bu yasa sonras\u0131\u00a0 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin amac\u0131 \u0130sko\u00e7 Viskisinin imaj\u0131n\u0131 korumakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130sko\u00e7 Viskisinin \u00dcretimi<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"\r\n
\u00a0
Viski nas\u0131l \u00fcretilir? sorusunu cevaplamadan \u00f6nce viski nedir? sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 bilmemiz gerekir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.Bir alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiye viski diyebilmemiz i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fartlar\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n