{"id":737,"date":"2020-10-14T10:15:05","date_gmt":"2020-10-14T10:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/?page_id=737"},"modified":"2023-11-08T17:32:18","modified_gmt":"2023-11-08T17:32:18","slug":"viskinin-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/?page_id=737","title":{"rendered":"V\u0130SK\u0130N\u0130N TAR\u0130H\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Alkol\u00fcn dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 sistemi tam olarak Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. ; bu y\u00f6ntem M.S. 8.YY da Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda medikal ve parf\u00fcm \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Dam\u0131t\u0131m sisteminin atas\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Alembik \u0130mbi\u011fin mucidi olan Arap simyac\u0131; Jabir \u0130bn Hayyan\u00a0 kimyan\u0131n ve simyan\u0131n babas\u0131 olarak bilinmektedir. Jabir \u2019 in ad\u0131 Latinceye \u2018\u2019Geber\u2019\u2019 olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0Jabir \u2019 in miras\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren Muhammed \u0130bn Zakariya Al-Razi i\u00e7in ; ilk ger\u00e7ek dam\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 desek yanl\u0131\u015f s\u00f6ylememi\u015f oluruz. Al-Razi; alkol kelimesinin de mucididir. Alkol kelimesi Arap\u00e7a \u2019 dan gelmektedir. (\u2018\u2019Al\u2019 koh \u2019 l).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130mbik sisteminin Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndan Avrupa\u2019ya geli\u015fi bir icad\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ece\u011fi belki de kimsenin akl\u0131na gelmeyecekti…<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130mbik sistemi ; \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130spanyol Seyyah Arnaldus De Villa Nova taraf\u0131ndan, ilk olarak \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na ve Sicilya\u2019ya gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Her ne kadar Arap simyac\u0131lar\u0131n; g\u00fcl\u00fc dam\u0131tmas\u0131, krallar ve soylular i\u00e7in parf\u00fcm \u00fcretmeleri , bitki ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin \u00f6zlerini dam\u0131t\u0131p medikal alanlarda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Arap simyac\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca \u015farab\u0131 dam\u0131tmay\u0131 da biliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Arnaldus Villa De Nova fizik\u00e7i , simyac\u0131 , seyyah ve doktordur. Bir \u00e7ok Papa ve Kral\u0131 tedavi etmi\u015ftir. Arap\u00e7ay\u0131 da \u00e7ok iyi bilen De Nova , imbik sisteminin i\u015fleyi\u015fini Arap simyac\u0131lardan ve t\u0131p alimlerinden \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131 Latinceye \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir.1200 l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde \u015farap \u00fczerinde dam\u0131t\u0131m denemelerine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda 1309-1311 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Liber De Vinis (The Book Of Wines) adl\u0131\u00a0 Latince kitap en eski bas\u0131lan \u015farap kitab\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kitapta tariflerini verdi\u011fi medikal \u015faraplar ile hangi hastal\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fini detayl\u0131 olarak anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitap 1478 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanca \u2019 ya daha sonra da 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngilizce \u2019 ye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir(The Earliest Printed Book on Wine). Kitapta bahsetti\u011fi ve \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck iksiri (ya\u015fam suyu) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan 2 \u015farap bulunmaktad\u0131r bunlar ; Biberiye \u015earab\u0131 ve Karanfil \u015earab\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

De Nova \u2019 ya g\u00f6re:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Rosemary (Biberiye) \u015earab\u0131; t\u00fcm so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131na iyi geliyordu. \u0130\u015ftah d\u00fczenleyiciydi. Bu \u015farap ile y\u0131kanan cilt g\u00fczelle\u015firdi. Di\u015f i\u00e7in faydal\u0131; e\u011fer sa\u00e7lar bu \u015farap ile y\u0131kan\u0131rsa sa\u00e7lar hi\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmezdi hatta sa\u00e7lar \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dclserden korur, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruh halini ve melankoliyi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rd\u0131. Kalp sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 ve gen\u00e7lik iksiriydi. Kanser , verem \u00a0ve dizanteri tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Uzun s\u00fcre hastal\u0131ktan zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ki\u015filerde de etkili sonu\u00e7 al\u0131yordu. Zehirlenme \u00fczerine en iyi koruma sa\u011flayan i\u00e7ecektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Villa Nova, karanfil \u015farab\u0131n\u0131n ; ast\u0131m , epilepsi , nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 , sindirim problemlerine iyi geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. \u015earab\u0131n i\u00e7ine tar\u00e7\u0131n ve zencefil koyup g\u00fcl suyu gibi dam\u0131t\u0131larak elde edildi\u011finden s\u00f6z eder. Baharat ve bitkileri brendi nin i\u00e7inde 1 g\u00fcn bekletebilirsiniz. B\u00f6ylece tat ve aromalar birbirinin i\u00e7ine ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Ayr\u0131ca Villa De Nova , Fransa\u2019da ilk defa \u015farab\u0131 dam\u0131tan ki\u015fidir. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n tar\u0131m\u0131 iyi bilen, \u00fcz\u00fcmden ve ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131ktan iyi anlayan bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131 ona \u00e7ok katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Villa De Nova, dam\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015farab\u0131n yani brendi nin \u00e7ok sert oldu\u011fundan bahseder ve bu i\u00e7kiye aroma vermek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli bitki ve baharatlar da ilave ederek ilk lik\u00f6r\u00fcn form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc de bulmu\u015ftur. De Villa Nova, bu lik\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck iksirini ararken ke\u015ffetti\u011fini de ifade eder. Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fam suyu bu i\u00e7kiyi ifade etmekteydi. Ya\u015fam suyunun tarifi; brendiye otlar ve baharatlar ilave edilerek kaynat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ye\u015fil bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m haline getirildi\u011fi i\u00e7kidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde i\u00e7ilen viskiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ve ya\u015fam suyu teriminin viski anlam\u0131na gelmesi biraz zaman alacakt\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan her millet kendi i\u00e7kisini o co\u011frafyan\u0131n verdikleriyle yapmakta oldu\u011fu da bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Villa De Nova ve \u00a0\u00f6\u011frencisi Raymond Lully, bu tarifin \u00a0rahipler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ayr\u0131ca Michael Scot \u2018 \u0131n da dam\u0131t\u0131m tekni\u011finin incelikleri Arap\u00e7a \u2019 dan Latince \u00e7evirmesi Salerno T\u0131p Okulu\u2019nda \u00e7ok i\u015fe yarad\u0131.12.YY da dam\u0131t\u0131m sistemi \u015farap dam\u0131t\u0131larak \u00a0\u00a0\u0130talya\u2019 da ilk defa Salerno \u2019 daki T\u0131p Okulunda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada ya\u015fam suyu bir \u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisinde, ameliyatlarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Orta \u00c7a\u011fda manast\u0131rlar, sadece ibadethane olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyordu. O y\u0131llarda manast\u0131rlar bilim merkezi, k\u00fct\u00fcphane , hastane olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen bilim insanlar\u0131, simyac\u0131lar\u0131 ve din adamlar\u0131 manast\u0131rlarda bir araya gelerek bilim, t\u0131p, fizik alanlar\u0131nda deneyimlerini payla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131 ve Bir \u00e7ok eserin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131nda manast\u0131rlar\u0131n rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00d6te yandan \u0130spanya\u2019da da \u00a01200 l\u00fc y\u0131llarda i\u00e7ilmek \u00fczere dam\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alkole ; simyadan yola \u00e7\u0131karak \u2018\u2019aqua vini \u2018\u2019 ya\u015fam suyu denilmi\u015ftir. Hala bir\u00e7ok dilde dam\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alkollerin k\u00f6keni ya\u015fam suyu kelimesinden gelmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Her ne kadar Antik \u0130rlanda diliyle Antik Asya dillerinin \u00e7ok benzedi\u011fi ve dam\u0131t\u0131m sisteminin Hindistan \u00fczerinden do\u011frudan \u0130rlanda\u2019ya geldi\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bir teori bulunsa da; Arnaldus Villa De Nova \u2018 n\u0131n notlar\u0131yla ve Solerno T\u0131p Okulu\u2019ndaki kaynaklar taraf\u0131ndan bu teori \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Dam\u0131t\u0131m tekni\u011finin Avrupa\u2019dan\u00a0 sonra \u00f6ncelikle \u0130rlanda \u2018ya geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0Viskinin ilk defa \u0130rlanda\u2019daki ke\u015fi\u015fler, t\u0131p alimleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Viskinin \u0130rlanda\u2019dan; T\u0131p konusunda uzman olan Ulster Prensesi Aine \u00a0O \u2019 Cathain , Islay Lordu Angus Og MacDonald ile evlenmek \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kar<\/strong> ve beraberinde de MacBeathad lar olarak bilinen o zaman\u0131n t\u0131p alimlerinden olu\u015fan aileyi de \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n Islay Adas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Mac Beathad lar Latinceye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f dam\u0131t\u0131m tekni\u011finin inceliklerini Galce \u2019ye de \u00e7evirmeleriyle de bilinmektedirler. Mac Beathad lar, \u0130sko\u00e7ya \u2019da ; Kral Robert The Bruce dan Kral 1. Charles \u2018 a kadar t\u0131p, simya ve fizik alanlar\u0131nda hizmetlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Hatta bir MacBeathad \u2019 l\u0131 alimin Kral IV.James \u2018 in\u00a0 fizik\u00e7isi oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Bu fizik\u00e7i ile ilk viski kayd\u0131n\u0131 tutan Ke\u015fi\u015f John Corr \u2018 un birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p viskiyi \u0130rlandal\u0131lar \u2019 dan \u00f6\u011frenmesi kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca \u0130rlandal\u0131 ke\u015fi\u015flerin \u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131 meslekta\u015flar\u0131yla etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7mesinin \u00a0viskinin \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en eski lisansl\u0131 dam\u0131t\u0131m evinin \u0130rlanda\u2019da 1608 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Old Bushmills olmas\u0131 da viskinin ilk olarak \u0130rlanda\u2019da bulundu\u011funu destekler niteliktedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Britanya\u2019da viski kelimesinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f en eski \u00a0kan\u0131t\u0131n yan\u0131nda; \u00a0\u00a0farkl\u0131 teoriler de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1378-1400 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz yazar Geoffrey Chaucer<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan Chaucer’s Canterbury Hikayelerinde; biran\u0131n dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak; ya\u015fam suyundan bahsetmemektedir. O sebeple bu hikaye viski literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde kan\u0131t olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n

Aqua Vitae nin ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 kayd\u0131; 1405 y\u0131l\u0131nda Clanmacnoise Harabeleri’nde bulunmu\u015ftur.Kan\u0131tta: Klan \u015fefinin noelde fazla aqua vitae almas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden s\u00f6z etmektedir.<\/p>\r\n

Ancak aqua vitae n\u0131n dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 hususunda emrin verilmesinin kayd\u0131 ise \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir kan\u0131tt\u0131r. 1494 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130sko\u00e7 Kral\u0131 IV. James\u2019 in bir cenaze i\u00e7in Lindores Manast\u0131r\u0131 Ke\u015fi\u015fi John Corr \u2018 a 8 boll malt vermesi ve bununla aqua vitae yapmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmesi , bununla defterlere kaydedilmesidir…<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alkol\u00fcn dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 sistemi tam olarak Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. ; bu y\u00f6ntem M.S. 8.YY da Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda medikal ve parf\u00fcm \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Dam\u0131t\u0131m sisteminin atas\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Alembik \u0130mbi\u011fin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-737","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=737"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2540,"href":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/737\/revisions\/2540"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanswhiskyculture.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}